First, it is important to understand that there is no way to “completely prevent” wandering behavior in people with cognitive impairment. A variety of methods are recommended to minimize the risk.
Two things are important. The first is to use methods that respect the person's autonomy and freedom whenever possible. Secondly, caregivers should choose prevention methods that are appropriate to the patient's personal characteristics and surroundings. For example, some of the methods used in urban areas may not be suitable for more rural areas, such as village houses.
Reference methods:
- Use a diary to record when and where the patient wanders, and to identify any habitual patterns of wandering, which can help the caregiver to observe what triggers the patient's wandering behavior.
- Try to remove items that remind the person of going out, e.g. keys, shoes, coats, etc.
- Consider adjusting the lock on the front door so that it is above the patient's eye level, if possible.
- Decorate the doorway to look like part of the wall, or use posters, large mirrors, etc.
- Anticipate when the patient might wander, or note when the patient has wandered before (if the patient wanders more in the evening, it may be related to sundowning syndrome).
- Check with your doctor about your current medications. If possible, see if you can switch to medications that have a lower chance of causing confusion and hallucinations. Some medications may be more appropriate for patients with wandering behavior. Please note that all medications must be approved by your doctor before they are taken, changed or stopped. Do not adjust medications on your own.
- Encourage the patient to participate in more physical activities. This will reduce agitation and release excess energy. For example, go for a walk with the patient or have a safe place for him or her to move around.
- Communicate with neighbors, nearby stores, and the police and inform them of the situation. They can keep an eye out and help if needed.
